If you're trying to learn the most essential topics about Uzbek you will find some useful resources including a course about adjectives, adverbs, articles, gender (feminine, masculine...), negation, nouns, numbers, phrases, plural, prepositions, pronouns, questions, verbs, vocabulary, excercises... to help you with your Uzbek grammar Enjoy our courses!
Learning Uzbek can help you communicate with other people who speak Uzbek. The following courses will provide you with some help based on the lessons you choose. Here is a list of what we offer:
Introducation
As you know the Uzbek language is a representative of Turkish language family. Its grammar is worked out in comparison to Russian grammar during the Soviet period. However, not very big changes have been made after that period. The Uzbek language alphabet is dual nowadays. It has Cyrillic alphabet (origin from the 1930th) and Latin after the independence (1992). If you speak Uzbek you can understand Kyrgiz, Kazakh, partly Turkish and Tatar, and it is very close to Uygur. When I was in China I could understand and talk to Uygur people very easily. Hindu and Malay languages also have the same words with the same meaning which originated from Arabic and brought to India by Babur, Timurlane’s grandchild (you call him Mongol ruler but in fact he is from the territory of Uzbekistan, Andijan). Uzbek is a unique language with its Askiya a word game or humour where a word or a sentence may have quite different meaning.
There is no article and gender in Uzbek, but it has six cases.
1- Plural Lesson
While in English, the plural is formed by adding (s) to the singular. In Uzbek, to form the plural of nouns and demonstrative pronouns we add -lar (-лар) to nouns (it doesn’t depend on ending weather in a vowel or in a consonant. Here are some examples:
Do’st [дўст] (a friend) becomes: do’stlar [дўстлар] (some friends)
Ayol [аёл] (one woman) becomes: ayollar [аёллар] (some women)
Bu mening qizil mashinam [бу менинг қизил машинам] (this is my red car) becomes: Bular mening qizil mashinalarim [Булар менинг қизил машиналарим] (these are my red cars)
2- Adverbs Lesson
While in English adverbs are usually formed by adding (-ly) to adjectives. In Uzbek many adverbs are independent words (they are called stem) and there is a category which is called RAVISHDOSH and it is formed by adding –b, or –ib to the verb. In General adverb is complicated in Uzbek. According to the meaning the adverb is divided into the following group: a) adverbs of time, b) adverbs of place, c) adverbs of doing the action, d) adverbs of measure and degree. There are two ways of forming adverb in Uzbek: Morphological and Syntactical. Examples:
sekin (slow) (stem)
aniq (perfect) (stem)
However that’s not always the case.
Morphological way:
By adding “-cha” to noun, adjective, and pronoun:
Do’stlarcha (noun) friendly
Eskicha (adjective) in or by old style
Shuncha (pronoun) so much (this amount)
By adding “-chasiga” to noun, and adjective:
Qahramonchasiga as a hero
Eskichasiga in or by old style
By adding “-dek or -day” to noun, adjective, and pronoun: (in fact they both mean the same meaning)
Toshday (noun) as a stone (can be said Toshdek and the same meaning)
kechagidek as yesterday
sendek (pronoun) as you are
By adding “-lab” to noun, to form the adverb of measure:
Paqirlab (noun) by or from bucket yomg’ir paqirlab quydi – it rained as if it was poured from a bucket (it rained cats and dogs)
Syntactical way:
By adding words to the adjective:
Asta-sekin slowly (asta-means slow and sekin is added
And by repeating the word:
Ko’p-ko’p many – many
Kam-kam les-les
Qayta-qayta – repeatedly
Takror-takror - repeatedly
3- Adjectives Lesson
Adjective in English and Uzbek are almost the same. in Uzbek an adjective doesn’t change when the noun changes. For example:
Big - katta
Bigger - kattaroq
The biggest - eng katta
Moreover, in Uzbek it doesn’t depend on syllable. So, it is easier in Uzbek.
Difficult - qiyin
More difficult - qiyinroq
The most difficult - eng qiyin
However, in Uzbek there is a phenomenon where words close in melody and pronunciation to the adjective’s first syllable is put before the adjective which will have mostly the meaning of superlative degree: (usually those words doesn’t have any meaning if they are separated)
Qip-qizil - very red
Yap-yangi - very new
Qop-qora very black
4- Numbers Lesson
In Uzbek numbers from 1 to 10 are unique and therefore need to be memorized individually. Numbers from 11 and upwards are formed by using the following pattern: for example 11 can be formed by using 10 + 1 while using them separately.
Ex:
1 bir, 2 ikki, 3 uch, 4 to’rt, 5 besh, 6 olti, 7 etti, 8 sakkiz, 9 to’qqiz, 10 o’n. (counting in Uzbek)
O’n - ten
O’n bir - eleven
5- Articles Lesson
There is no article and gender in Uzbek.
6- Verbs Lessons
- Present Tense
In Uzbek, verbs take the following endings to form the present tense:
Men -man, Sen -san, u -di, biz -miz, siz -siz, ular -dilar.
Example:
men aytaman, sen aytasan, u aytadi, biz aytamiz, siz aytasiz, ular aytadilar.
These endings can help you a lot, because with them you can conjugate most of verbs into the present tense, you only need the stem of the verb, for example the stem of (aytmoq: to say) is (ayt).
- Past Tense
In Uzbek as well as in English the simple past tense (imperfect) is used to describe past events. The endings for the past tense verbs are:
-Dim, -ding, -di, -dik, -dingiz, -dilar. Example :
Men aytdim, sen aytding, u (no gender) aytdi, Biz aytdik, siz aytdingiz, Ular aytdilar.
So just take any (no regular and irregular) verb stem and add it to the endings above, for example our previous verb ayt (to say), its stem is “ayt”, plus the endings above becomes men aytdim (I said).
- Future Tense
To form the future in Uzbek it’s very easy, just use the whole infinitive verb plus these following ending: men -chiman, sen -chisan, u -chi, siz -chisiz, ular -chilar. Example:
Men aytmoqchiman, sen -aytmoqchisan, u -aytmoqchi, siz -aytmoqchisiz, ular -aytmoqchilar, (from the verb aytmoq [infinitive form] – to say)
This means that you don’t have to worry about the stem of a verb, just take it as an infinitive and add the above future endings to it.
7- Asking a Question Lesson
In Uzbek there are 2 ways of asking a question. 1. Special questions with interrogative words. 2. by adding interrogative endings mi, chi, a to get a yes or no answer, and in colloquial language with the help of rising intonation except special questions (just as in English). They are the following:
-Verb + mi: Unlike English, the auxiliaries do and does are not used.
Uning bo’sh vaqti bormi? (Does she have free time?)
Uning bo’sh vaqti bor-a? (She has free time, hasn’t she?)
Siz-chi? (and what about you?)
-Pronoun + verb + mi: and also the intonation makes the sentence interrogative: Uning bo’sh baqti bormi?? (Does she have free time?)
-Verb +...+ pronoun. The pronoun goes last. Bo’sh vaqti bormi uni? (Does she have free time?) (uni is a pronoun)
-Finally you can also make a question by adding a tag question to the end of a statement. Uning bo’sh vaqti bor shunday emasmi? (adding mi is kept and emas is a negative word just as doesn’t in English ) (She has free time, doesn’t she)
8- Negation Lesson
In Uzbek, negation can be made simply by adding "may" to the main verb. But there are different other ways of negation as well. "emas" and “yoq” are the most common negative.
Men bu ishni qila olmayman (I can't do this).
Ularning qiladigan hech qanday ishlari yo’q (they don't have anything to do – Double Negative).”hech qanday” is also a negation. Unlike the English many negations can be used in a sentence just like in Russian.
Bu menga yoqmaydi (I don't like it)
U hali kelgani yo’q. (He hasn’t come yet)
9- Feminine Lesson
There is no special gender form in Uzbek. But it is formed by separate words.
O’g’il (son) becomes Qiz (daughter), talaba o’gil bola (student.) becomes talaba qiz bola (student fem.)
10- Pronouns Lesson
In English personal pronouns are (I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they), and (me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them), In Uzbek, the personal pronouns are:
Men… (I), sen… (you), u… (he), u… (she),
We… (we), Siz… (you plural.), Ular… (they)
Unlike English there is pronoun sen which means you in singular, and the pronoun U (3-person singular) means all he, she and it
Examples: Men o’qiyman (I learn), Sen o’qiysan (you learn), u uqiydi (he learns), (she learns), Biz o’qiymiz (we learn), Siz o’qiysiz (you learn [polite]), Ular o’qiydilar (they learn),
Indirect Object Pronouns:
Indirect object pronouns are words that replace the indirect object, which is usually a person. Uzbek language has no this phenomenon. However, persons and things are replaced by pronoun U (singular), and Ular (plural) (the same personal pronoun)
From your examples I understood that they are case addling. There are 6 cases in Uzbek and they are separate lessons. Every case has its adding. As I know, there are two cases in English Common case and objective case.
Possessive Pronouns:
Meniki (mine masc.), Seniki (yours), Uniki (his, hers), Bizniki (ours), Sizniki (yours), Ularniki (theirs).
We hope the lessons above helped you learn Uzbek. To learn other topics please check our homepage here: Learn Uzbek. Don't forget to bookmark this page.
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