If you're trying to learn Latvian Verbs you will find some useful resources including a course about Verbs in the present past and future tense... to help you with your Latvian grammar. Try to concentrate on the lesson and notice the pattern that occurs each time the word changes its place. Also don't forget to check the rest of our other lessons listed on Learn Latvian. Enjoy the rest of the lesson!
Learning the Latvian Verbs displayed below is vital to the language. Latvian verbs are words that convey action (bring, read, walk, run), or a state of being (exist, stand). In most languages a verb may agree with the person, gender, and/or number of some of its arguments, such as its subject, or object.
- Present Tense
In Latvian, you conjugate verbs by changing the ending. Verbs usually take the following endings to form the present tense:
es - u, tu - i, viņi/viņas -, mēs - am, jūs - at, viņi/viņas – . These are the most common examples:
Verb “dziedāt” (to sing) Es dziedu, tu dziedi, viņš/viņa dzied, mēs dziedam, jūs dziedat, viņi/viņas dzied.
Verb “melot” (to lie) Es meloju, tu melo, viņš/viņa melo, mēs melojam, jūs melojat, viņi/viņas melo.
Verb “sēdēt” (to sit) Es sēdu, tu sēdi, viņš/viņa sēd, mēs sēdam, jūs sēdat, viņi/viņas sēd.
These endings can help you a lot, because with them you can conjugate most of verbs into the present tense, you only need the stem of the verb, for example the stem of (dziedāt: to sing) is (dzied).
- Past Tense
In Latvian as well as in English the simple past tense (imperfect) is used to describe past events. The endings for the past tense verbs are:
Es - ju, tu - ji, viņš/viņa - ja, mēs - jām, jūs - jāt, viņi/viņas - ja. For example:
Es dziedāju, tu dziedāji, viņš/viņa dziedāja, mēs dziedājām, jūs dziedājāt, viņi/viņas dziedāja.
Es meloju, tu meloji, viņš/viņa meloja, mēs melojām, jūs melojāt, viņi/viņas meloja.
Es sēdēju, tu sēdēji, viņš/viņa sēdēja, mēs sēdējām, jūs sēdējāt, viņi/viņas sēdēja.
So just take any regular verb stem and add it to the endings above, for example our previous verb dziedāt (to sing), its stem is “dzied”, plus the endings above becomes es dziedāju (I sang).
- Future Tense
To form the future in Latvian it’s very easy, just use the whole infinitive verb plus these following ending: es - šu, tu - si, viņš/viņa - s, mēs - sim, jūs - siet, viņi/viņas - s.
These are the most common examples:
Es dziedāšu, tu dziedāsi, viņš/viņa dziedās, mēs dziedāsim, jūs dziedāsiet, viņš/viņa dziedās.
Es melošu, tu melosi, viņš/viņa melos, mēs melosim, jūs melosiet, viņi/viņas melos.
Es sēdēšu, tu sēdēsi, viņš/viņa sēdēs, mēs sēdēsim, jūs sēdēsiet, viņi/viņas sēdēs.
This means that you don’t have to worry about the stem of a verb, just take it as an infinitive and add the above future endings to it.
Here are some examples:
| English Verbs | Latvian Verbs |
|---|---|
| Verbs | Darbības vārdi |
| Past | Pagātne |
| I spoke | Es runāju |
| I wrote | es rakstīju |
| I drove | Es braucu |
| I loved | es mīlēju |
| I gave | es sniedzu /devu |
| I smiled | Es smaidīju |
| I took | es ņēmu |
| he spoke | viņš runāja |
| he wrote | viņš rakstīja |
| he drove | brauca |
| he loved | viņš mīlēja |
| he gave | viņš deva |
| he smiled | smaidīja |
| he took | viņš ņēma |
| we spoke | mēs runājām |
| we wrote | mēs rakstījām |
| we drove | braucām |
| we loved | mēs mīlējām |
| we gave | devām/sniedzām |
| we smiled | smaidījām |
| we took | mēs ņēmām |
| Future | Nākotne |
| I will speak | Es runāšu |
| I will write | Es rakstīšu |
| I will drive | braukšu |
| I will love | Es mīlēšu |
| I will give | Es sniegšu /došu |
| I will smile | Es smaidīšu |
| I will take | ņemšu |
| he will speak | viņš runās |
| he will write | viņš rakstīs |
| he will drive | brauks |
| he will love | viņš mīlēs |
| he will give | viņš dos |
| he will smile | viņš smaidīs |
| he will take | viņš ņems |
| we will speak | Mēs runāsim |
| we will write | mēs rakstīsim |
| we will drive | brauksim |
| we will love | mēs mīlēsim |
| we will give | mēs sniegsim /dosim |
| we will smile | Mēs smaidīsim |
| we will take | mēs veiksim /ņemsim |
| Present | Tagadne |
| I speak | Es runāju |
| I write | Es rakstu |
| I drive | Es braucu |
| I love | Es mīlu |
| I give | Es dodu |
| I smile | Es smaidu |
| I take | Es ņemu |
| he speaks | viņš runā |
| he writes | viņš raksta |
| he drives | brauc |
| he loves | viņš mīl |
| he gives | viņš dod |
| he smiles | smaida |
| he takes | ņem |
| we speak | mēs runājam |
| we write | mēs rakstām |
| we drive | braucam |
| we love | mēs mīlam |
| we give | mēs dodam |
| we smile | mēs smaidām |
| we take | mēs ņemam |
Notice the structure of the Verbs in Latvian.
Below is a list of the conjugated Verbs in the present past and future in Latvian placed in a table. Memorizing this table will help you add very useful and important words to your Latvian vocabulary.
| English Verbs | Latvian Verbs |
|---|---|
| I can accept that | Es varu pieņemt, ka |
| she added it | viņa piebilda |
| we admit it | mēs to pieņemam |
| they advised him | viņi ieteica viņam |
| I can agree with that | Es varu piekrist, ka |
| she allows it | viņa to pieļauj |
| we announce it | mēs paziņojam par to |
| I can apologize | Es varu atvainoties |
| she appears today | viņa ieradīsies šodien |
| they arranged that | viņi izkārto tā, lai |
| I can arrive tomorrow | Es varu ierasties rīt |
| she can ask him | viņa var prasīt viņam |
| she attaches that | Viņa uzskata, ka |
| we attack them | Mēs uzbrūkam viņiem |
| they avoid her | tie no viņas izvairās |
| I can bake it | Es varu cept to |
| she is like him | viņa ir kā viņš |
| we beat it | mēs to pārspējam |
| they became happy | viņi kļuva laimīgi |
| I can begin that | Es varu sākt šo |
| we borrowed money | mēs aizņēmāmies naudu |
| they breathe air | viņi elpo gaisu |
| I can bring it | es varu to atnest |
| I can build that | Es varu izveidot, ka /es varu to uzcelt |
| she buys food | Viņa pērk pārtiku |
| we calculate it | mēs aprēķinam to |
| they carry it | viņi veic to |
| they don't cheat | viņi neapkrāpj |
| she chooses him | viņa izvēlas viņu |
| we close it | mēs to aizveram |
| he comes here | viņš nāk šeit |
| I can compare that | es to varu salīdzināt |
| she competes with me | viņa konkurē ar mani |
| we complain about it | mēs par to sūdzamies |
| they continued reading | viņi turpināja lasīt |
| he cried about that | viņš par to raudāja |
| I can decide now | es varu to tūlīt izlemt |
| she described it to me | viņa man to aprakstīja |
| we disagree about it | mēs nepiekrītam tam |
| they disappeared quickly | tie pazuda ātri |
| I discovered that | es to atklāju |
| she dislikes that | viņai tas nepatīk |
| we do it | mēs to darām |
| they dream about it | viņi par to sapņo |
| I earned | Es nopelnīju |
| he eats a lot | viņš ēd daudz |
| we enjoyed that | mums tas patika |
| they entered here | viņi te ienāca |
| he escaped that | viņš no tā izbēga |
| I can explain that | es to varu paskaidrot |
| she feels that too | Viņa uzskata, ka pārāk |
| we fled from there | mēs bēgām no turienes |
| they will fly tomorrow | viņi lidos rīt |
| I can follow you | Es varu sekot jums |
| she forgot me | Viņa aizmirsa mani |
| we forgive him | mēs piedodam viņam |
| I can give her that | es varu to viņai dot |
| she goes there | viņa iet tur |
| we greeted them | Mēs sasveicinājāmies ar viņiem |
| I hate that | es to ienīstu |
| I can hear it | es to varu sadzirdēt |
| she imagine that | viņa to iedomājas |
| we invited them | mēs uzaicinājām viņus |
| I know him | es viņu pazīstu |
| she learned it | viņa uzzināja to |
| we leave now | mēs tagad aizejam |
| they lied about him | viņi meloja par viņu |
| I can listen to that | es to varu klausīties |
| she lost that | viņa to pazaudēja |
| we made it yesterday | mēs to izdarījām vakar |
| they met him | viņi satika viņu |
| I misspell that | Es to rakstu kļūdaini |
| I always pray | Es vienmēr lūdzu |
| she prefers that | viņam tam dod priekšroku |
| we protected them | mēs viņus aizsargājām |
| they will punish her | viņi sodīs viņu |
| I can put it there | Es varu likt to tur |
| she will read it | viņa to lasīs |
| we received that | mēs to saņēmām |
| they refuse to talk | viņi atsakās runāt |
| I remember that | es to atceros |
| she repeats that | viņa to atkārto |
| we see it | mēs to redzam |
| they sell it | viņi to pārdod |
| I sent that yesterday | Es to nosūtīju vakar |
| he shaved his beard | viņš noskuvis bārdu |
| it shrunk quickly | tā sarukusi ātri /tas sarucis ātri |
| we will sing it | Mēs to dziedāsim |
| they sat there | viņi sēdēja tur |
| I can speak it | Es to varu teikt |
| she spends money | viņa tērē naudu |
| we suffered from that | mēs cietām no tā |
| they suggest that | viņi to ierosina |
| I surprised him | Es viņu pārsteidzu |
| she took that | viņa to paņēma |
| we teach it | mēs to mācam |
| they told us | viņi stāstīja mums |
| she thanked him | Viņa pateicās viņam |
| I can think about it | es par to padomāšu |
| she threw it | viņa to izmeta |
| we understand that | mēs to saprotam |
| they want that | viņi to vēlas |
| I can wear it | Es varu valkāt to |
| she writes that | Viņa raksta, ka |
| we talk about it | mēs runājam par to |
| they have it | viņiem tas ir |
| I watched it | Es noskatījos to |
| I will talk about it | Es par to runāšu |
| he bought that yesterday | viņš to nopircis vakar |
| we finished it | mēs to pabeidzām |
Verbs in the present past and future tense have a very important role in Latvian. Once you're done with Latvian Verbs, you might want to check the rest of our Latvian lessons here: Learn Latvian. Don't forget to bookmark this page.
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